- Anomalies oculaires congénitales multiples - Robe silver
- Bibliographie
- Livres
- Articles scientifiques: 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, <2004
- Sites internet
- Laboratoires d’analyses ADN
Synonyme (en) |
Multiple ocular defect
Anc.: Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD)
|
Français |
Silver
Anomalies oculaires congénitales multiples
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Synonyme (fr)
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Anomalies Congénitales Oculaires Multiples (ACOM) |
Allemand
|
Silver, Windfarbe, Silberaufhellung
Multiple angeborene okulare Anomalien
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Gène
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PMEL17 (melanocyte protein 17 precursor) |
Chromosome | ECA6 |
OMIA#
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Silver: OMIA 001438-9796
MCOA: OMIA 000733-979
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NCBI gene
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Mutation
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Missense mutation in exon 11 (Arg625Cys); change from cytosine (C) to thymine (T)
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Mode de transmission
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Autosomique codominant |
Caractères / symptômes
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Phénotypes / génotypes
Silver: dilution (hypopigmentation) de l’eumélanine (bai, noir), couleur claire du pelage, surtout des crins (crinière et queue). Silver n’a pas d’effet sur la phéomélanine.
Alezan: peu ou pas d’action
Bai: jaune-rouge (~alezan) avec crins et extrémités argentés
Noir: hétérozygotes (Z/N; CT): chocolat et crins argentés ; homozygotes (Z/Z; TT): très forte dilution de la robe
Images silver: Andersson L et al 2013; Brunberg E et al 2006; Depecker M et al 2013 Pléiotropie
MCOA: effets pleiotropes du gène PMEL17: collectif d’anomalies oculaires congénitales multiples, mais pas progressives.
Homozygotes (Z/Z; TT): anomalies oculaires graves (MCOA); hypoplasie de l’iris, cataracte (anc. Aniridia with cataract, cf OMIA 000045-9796), myosis pupillaire, buphtalmie (augmentation du volume oculaire), développement défectueux (anc. Anterior segment dysgenesis, ASD) de la cornée, de l’iris, du corps ciliaire, du cristallin, ev. de la rétine => déficience visuelle;
Hétérozygotes (Z/N; CT): troubles légers; risque de kystes du corps ciliaire et de l’iris. Pas de déficience visuelle.
N/N: pas de symptômes
Images MCOA: Silberaugen; Andersson LS et al 2008, 2011a, 2013; Lejeune M 2011 |
Contraintes |
Restriction héréditaire de fonctions sensorielles (vision). Le dommage provoque une perte de fonctionnalité qui limite la réactivité de l’animal aux stimuli externes. MCOA: anomalies du développement de l’œil, déficience visuelle, cécité; soupçon de troubles du comportement (Brunberg E et al 2013). Les déficiences visuelles ne sont pas encore bien connues. Des poulains nouveau-nés comtois souffrant de cécité congénitale sont décrits (Depecker M et al 2013). Des études complémentaires sur ce thème sont encore nécessaires. Les critères déterminants pour l’évaluation des contraintes sont en particulier:
Stratégie d’élevage et mesures
Parents
Diagnostic (test ADN; examen ophtalmologique); accouplements ciblés; examiner les possibilités d’adapter la stratégie d’élevage (les animaux atteints ne devraient pas être accouplés, élevage d’animaux hétérozygotes) Descendants atteints
Le lien causal direct entre la couleur de la robe et la restriction sensorielle doit être vérifié de manière précise (test ADN, examen ophtalmologique, Lejeune M 2011, Premont JE et al 2013). Gestion correcte de la formation, de l’entraînement, des conditions d’utilisation (forme, lieu, intensité, moment de la journée) et de détention (système d’écurie, possibilités d’orientation, obstacles naturels, contacts sociaux avec des congénères); les animaux atteints ne doivent pas être affectés à l’élevage; euthanasie dans le pire des cas. |
Races
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Silver: races d’Amérique du Nord (American Miniature Horse, Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse, Morgan horse, Rocky Mountain Horse), races de trait (ardennais, comtois (alezan comtois), irish cob), islandais, poneys.
MCOA: concerne surtout les chevaux de robe diluée silver, mais pas exclusivement. Recherche actuelles sur les races cheval comtois, Rocky Mountain Horse, Kentucky Saddle Horse, American Miniature Horse, Morgan horse, cheval estonien, cheval islandais.
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% de porteurs |
Spécifique à chaque race (Andersson LS et al 2011a)
Comtois: très élevée (Depecker M et al 2013)
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Fondateur | Pas publié |
Test ADN
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Remarques
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Des troubles oculaires congénitaux (cataracte congenitale, aniridie, Ueda Y 1990) sont aussi décrits chez des chevaux sans robe silver. Des études complémentaires sur ce thème sont encore nécessaires.
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(en) ANDERSSON LS, WILBE M, VILUMA A, COTHRAN G, EKESTEN B, EWART S, LINDGREN G. (2013). Equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies and Silver Coat Colour Result from the Pleiotropic Effects of Mutant PMEL. PLoS One 8(9): e75639.
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(en) PREMONT JE, ANDERSSON L, GRAUWELS M. (2013). Multiple congenital ocular anomalies syndrome in a family of Shetland and Deutsches Classic ponies in Belgium. Equine Veterinary Education, 25(11): 550-555
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- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04707.x/pdf>
- [consulté: 06.08.2014]
(de) Silberaugen - Das Silverallel und seine Augenanomalien
- html http://silverdapple.jimdo.com/
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]
(fr) Robes et génétique des chevaux, gène silver
- html http://robes-et-genetique.e-monsite.com/pages/robes-modifiees/gene-silver.html
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]
(en) Animal Genetics UK, Silver Dilution
- html http://www.animalgenetics.eu/Equine/Coat-Color-Testing/silver-dilution.html
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]
- html http://www.biofocus.de/de/tier/pferd/farbvererbung/
- [Consulté: 18.11.2014]
(en) CAG GmbH - Center for Animal Genetics, H206 Silver / dapple
- html http://pferde-genetik.de/en/horse-genetic-testing/phenotype-testing-for-horses/silver-dapple/
- [Consulté: 01.10.2015]
(en) Certagen GmbH - DNA tests Coat Variations, Silver
- html http://www.certagen.de/en-us/dnatests/horse/coatvariations.aspx
- Order Form http://www.certagen.de/Portals/7/Documents/Order%20Forms/Pferd_Gentest_en.pdf
- [Consulté: 27.09.2015]
(de) GenControl, Farbtests, Silver Dapple (Windfarben)
- html http://www.genecontrol.de/silver.html
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]
(en) Gluck Equine Research Center Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture (2014) Silver Dapple (Z)
- Phénotypes, génotypes: http://www2.ca.uky.edu/gluck/AGTRL.asp#silverdapple
- [Consulté: 03.08.2014]
- html http://www.laboklin.ch/index.php?link=labogen/pages/html/de/fellfarben/pferd/pferd_silver.html
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]
(en) Practical Horse Genetics, Silver coat colours
- html http://www.practicalhorsegenetics.com.au/index.php?test=slv
- [Consulté: 09.10.2015]
(en) Progenus, Genetic Tests, Horse/Silver
- html http://www.progenus.be/genetic-tests/141-horse-silver
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]
(en) UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Silver
- html http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/horse/silver.php
- [Consulté: 28.11.2014]