- Blanc dominant
- Génotypes KIT et phénotypes
- Bibliographie
- Articles scientifiques: 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, <2004
- Sites internet
- Laboratoires d’analyses ADN
Synonyme (en) | W4: Camarillo White |
Français | Blanc dominant |
Synonyme (fr)
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Né blanc
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Allemand
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Dominant Weiss
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Gène
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KIT (v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
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Chromosome | ECA3 |
OMIA#
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OMIA 000209-9796
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NCBI gene
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Mutation
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Polymorphisme. Actuellement au moins 22 mutations indépendantes sur divers exons, spécifiques à chaque race. Recherches en cours.
Voir tableau Génotypes KIT et phénotypes
Allèles: W/W (létal), W/w (Blanc dominant), w/w
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Mode de transmission
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Autosomique dominant
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Caractères / symptômes
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Le gène KIT joue un rôle prépondérant dans plusieurs processus du développement de l’embryon. Important pour le développement des cellules souches de la moelle osseuse, du sperme et des cellules de pigmentation (mélanoblastes => mélanocytes). Les effets pléiotropiques sont encore mal connus.
Phénotypes variables. Epistasie pour toutes les couleurs de base (alezan, bai, noir). Absence plus ou moins totale de mélanocytes, donc de pigment, dans les poils, les crins et la peau. Les yeux sont pigmentés. À la naissance : quelques poils pigmentés dans les crins, aux oreilles et sur le dos.
Les divers allèles du gène KIT s’expriment par des phénotypes blancs diversement prononcés. La dépigmentation importante est variable, parfois proche de sabino 1 dans de nombreuses races.
Voir le tableau Génotypes KIT et phénotypes
Pléiotropie
Homozygotes W/W (sauf W20): mort embryonnaire précoce (létal)
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Contraintes |
Les relations génétiques entre les effets pléiotropes des mutations et les divers phénotypes sont encore très peu connues. Des travaux de recherche sont encore nécessaires pour caractériser les restrictions éventuelles des organes fonctionnels et sensoriels. Les critères déterminants pour l’évaluation des contraintes sont en particulier:
Stratégie d’élevage et mesures
Diagnostic (Test ADN); accouplements ciblés; adaptation de la stratégie d’élevage (les animaux porteurs ne devraient pas être accouplés; élevage de reproducteurs hétérozygotes). |
Races
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En principe toutes les races: franches-montagnes (allèle W1, descendants de la jument Cigale), quarter horse (allèle W10, descendants de l’étalon fondateur Santana), Camarillo White Horse, chevaux de trait, holsteiner, islandais, oldenburg, pur-sang anglais, arabe, etc.
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% de porteurs | Pas publié |
Fondateur | Voir tableau Génotypes KIT et phénotypes |
Test ADN
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Remarques
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Les mutations du gène KIT sont également responsables des phénotypes suivants
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Génotypes KIT et phénotypes | |||
---|---|---|---|
Allele | Breed | Origination | Characteristics |
W1 | FM | Cigale, 1957 | Usually pure white; nonsense mutation at exon 15, truncation 15-21 |
W2 | TB | KY Colonel, 1946 | Usually pure white; substitution Glycine-Arginn exon 13 |
W3 | AR | R Khasper, 1996 | Usually pure white; nonsense mutation at exon 4, truncation 4-21 |
W4 | CW | Sultan, 1912 | White, substitution Glycine-Arginin in exon 12 |
W5 | TB | Puchilingui, 1984 | White to sabino-like; deletion in exon 15 and premature stop codon |
W6 | TB | not published | White, substitution Glycine-Arginin exon 5-21 |
W7 | TB | not published | White, splice site of intron 2 |
W8 | IH | not published | Partially white (sabino-like), splice site mutation of intron15 |
W9 | HH | not published | White, missense mutation in exon 12 |
W10 | QH | GQ Santana, 2000 | Exhibit a wide range of phenotypes similar to that of W5, deletion in exon 7and premature stop codon |
W11 | SGDH | not published | Complety white, splice site mutation of intron 20) |
W12 | TB | not published | Partially white, deletion in exon 3 |
W13 | QHxPP | not published | White, splice site mutation of intron 17 |
W14 | TB | not published | White, deletion in exon 17 |
W15 | AR | not published | Partially white (sabino-like), missense mutation in exon |
W16 | OL | not published | White, missense mutation in exon 7 |
W17 | JD | not published | White |
W18 | CH | not published | Pronounced depigmentation phenotype, sabino-like, mutation in intron 8 (c.1346 + 1G>A) |
W19 | PB | not published | Partially white, missense variant in exon 8 (c.1322A>G; p.Tyr441Cys) |
W20 | TB + other breeds | not published | Partially white, missense variant in exon 14 (c.2045G>A; p.Arg682His). Subtle effect on pigmentation (white pattern); not homozygous lethal. Voir aussi W20 project |
W21 | IH | not published | White-spotted coat colour phenotype and heterochromia iridis exon 17 (c.2369delC) |
W22 | TB | not published | White-spotted coat colour phenotype. Degree of depigmentation in animals with the W22/+ genotype varied between ~15% and 100% (large heterozygous deletion spanning exons 10–13 of the KIT gene) |
AR=Arabian, CH=Swiss Warmblood, CW=Camarillo White Horse, FM=Franches-montagnes, HH=Holstein, IH=Islandic Horse, JD=Japanese Draft Horse, OL=Oldenburger, PB=Partbred Arabian, PP=Paso Peruano, SGDH=South German Draft Horse, TB=Thoroughbred. W1-W4 (Haase B et al, 2007); W5-W11 (Haase B et al, 2009, W12 (Holl et al, 2010), W13-W17 (Haase B et al, 2011), W18-W20 (Hauswirth R et al, 2013); W21 (Haase B et al 2015); W22 (Duerig N et al 2017) Compound heterozygotes (W5/W20) show a more pronounced depigmentation phenotype (white)
All compound heterozygotes W20/W22 showed a completely white coat colour phenotype |
(en) DÜRIG N, JUDE R, HOLL H, BROOKS SA, LAFAYETTE C, JAGANNATHAN V, LEEB T. (2017). Whole genome sequencing reveals a novel deletion variant in the KIT gene in horses with white spotted coat colour phenotypes. Animal genetics, online 26 april 2017
- DOI: 10.1111/age.12556
- Animal genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12556/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12556/epdf>
- [Consulté: 01.05.2017]
(en) HAN H, MAO C, CHEN N, LAN X, CHEN H, LEI C, DANG R. (2016). Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Kit gene in Chinese indigenous horses. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(1), 81-89
- DOI: 10.14943/jjvr.64.1.81
- Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/865
- Abstract <http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/61030>
- Pdf <http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/61030/1/08_Han_Full.pdf>
- [Consulté: 05.04.2016]
(en) HAASE B, JAGANNATHAN V, RIEDER S, LEEB T. (2015). A novel KIT variant in an Icelandic horse with white-spotted coat colour. Animal Genetics, 46(4): 466
- DOI: 10.1111/age.12313
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12313/abstract>
- Article html <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12313/full>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12313/epdf>
- [Consulté: 01.09.2015]
(en) BROOK SA, BELLONE RR. (2013). Coat colors genomics. In Chowdhary BE, Equine Genomics. Wiley-Blackwell, 143-153
- ISBN: 978-0-8138-1563-3
- ISBN: 978-1-118-52212-7 (e-book)
- Description, contenu, auteurs: WILEY http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ > Life Sciences > Genetics > Animal Genetics
- html <http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0813815630.html>
- [Consulté le 22.06.2014]
(en) HAUSWIRTH R, JUDE R, HAASE B, BELLONE RR, ARCHER S, HOLL H, BROOKS SA, TOZAKI T, PENEDO MC, RIEDER S, LEEB T. (2013). Novel variants in the KIT and PAX3 genes in horses with white-spotted coat colour phenotypes. Animal Genetics, 44(6): 763-765
- DOI: 10.1111/age.12057
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12057/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12057/pdf>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) BAI DY, YANG LH, UNERHU U, ZHAO YP, ZHAO QN, HASIGAOWA H, DUGARJAVIIN M. (2011). Effects of Kit gene on coat depigmentation in white horses [Article in Chinese]. Hereditas (Beijing) (遗传), 33(11): 1171-1178
- DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.01171
- Hereditas (Beijing) (遗传) http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/Hereditas%28Beijing%29/19687.jhtml
- Abstract <http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/Hereditas(Beijing)/19687.jhtml#>
- Pdf <http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/attachment.jspx?cid=19687&i=0&t=1412867602671&k=cf33f76ea01173b56d1635351965a03e>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, RIEDER S, TOZAKI T, HASEGAWA T, PENEDO MC, JUDE R, LEEB T. (2011). Five novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes. Animal Genetics, 42: 337-339
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x/pdf>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, OBEXER-RUFF G, DOLF G, RIEDER S, BURGER D, PONCET PA, GERBER V, HOWARD J, LEEB T. (2010) : Haematological parameters are normal in dominant white Franches-Montagnes horses carrying a KIT mutation. The Veterinary Journal, 184(3): 315-317
- DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.02.017
- The Veterinary Journal http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10900233
- Abstract <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023309001014>
- Pdf <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023309001014/pdf?md5=b94f2f0e056293a6fb1d0a19a3c91490&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023309001014-main.pdf>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) HOLL H, BROOKS SA, BAILEY E. (2010). De novo mutation of KIT discovered as a result of a non-hereditary white coat colour pattern. Special Issue: Horse Genomics and the Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Foundation, Animal Genetics, 41(s2): 196–198
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02135.x
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02135.x/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02135.x/pdf>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, BROOKS SA, TOZAKI T, BURGER D, PONCET PA, RIEDER S, HASEGAWA T, PENEDO C, LEEB T. (2009). Seven novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes. Animal Genetics, 40(5): 623-629
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x/abstract>
- pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x/pdf>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(fr) HAASE B. (2009). Le secret des chevaux franches-montagnes blancs. LE FRANCHES-MONTAGNES. 8, (90), 20-21
- Pdf <http://www.agroscope.admin.ch/publikationen/einzelpublikation/index.html?pubdownload=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1ae2IZn4Z2rZpnG3s2Rodeln6h1d3t,fnqNn,aknp6V2tTIjKbXoKimjZ2Um5mpiKfo>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, BROOKS SA, SCHLUMBAUM A, AZOR PJ, BAILEY E, ALAEDDINE F, MEVISSEN M, BURGER D, PONCET PA, RIEDER S, LEEB T. (2007). Allelic Heterogeneity at the Equine KIT Locus in Dominant White (W) Horses. PLoS Genetics, 3(11):e195
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030195
- PLoS Genetics http://www.plosgenetics.org/
- Abstract <http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0030195#abstract0>
- Pdf <http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0030195&representation=PDF>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) BROOKS SA. (2006). Studies of genetic variation at the KIT locus and white spotting patterns in the horse. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 102 pages
- Abstract <http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/479/>
- Pdf <http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1482&context=gradschool_diss>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) MAU C, PONCET PA, BUCHER B, STRANZINGER G, RIEDER S. (2004). Genetic mapping of dominant white (W), a homozygous lethal condition in the horse (Equus caballus). Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 121(6): 374-383
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x
- Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0388
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x/pdf>
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Anonyme, White Thoroughbreds, other rare Thoroughbred coat colors with comments and data from our users
- html History and Development of White Thoroughbreds
- html List of White Thoroughbreds
- html Pedigrees of Unexpected White Thoroughbreds
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Camarillo White Horse Association
- html http://www.camarillowhitehorses.org/
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Color Genetics, White Spotting (Formerly Dominant White)
- html http://colorgenetics.info/equine/gallery/white-patterns/white-spotting-formerly-dominant-white
- [Consulté: 12.10.2014]
(en) The Horse Genetics Website, dominant white
- html http://www.horse-genetics.com/dominant-white.html
- [Consulté: 12.10.2014]
(fr) Les lignées des Blancs-sabinos
- html http://perloch.ps.free.fr/sire/pscouleurs/ligneeblanc.html
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Tawny Horse, Dominant White, Blog
- html http://www.tawnyhorse.com/?page_id=170
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(de, en) W20 project - W20 Projekt
- html http://projekt-w20-farbtest.jimdo.com/
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Animal Genetics US, Equine Testing, Dominant White (W3, W5 and W10)
- html http://www.horsetesting.com/Equine/Coat_Color/DW.asp
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Animal Genetics UK, Equine Testing, Dominant White (W5 and W10)
- html http://www.animalgenetics.eu/Equine/Coat-Color-Testing/dominant-white.html
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) CAG GmbH - Center for Animal Genetics, Dominant White (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W10)
- html http://pferde-genetik.de/en/horse-genetic-testing/phenotype-testing-for-horses/dominant-white/
- [Consulté: 01.10.2015]
(de) LABOKLIN Basel, Camarillo White - W4
- html http://www.laboklin.com/index.php?link=labogen/pages/html/de/fellfarben/pferd/pferd_camarillo_white_w4.html
- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(de) LABOKLIN Basel, Dominantes Weiß (GQ Santana Dominant White W10)
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- [Consulté: 08.10.2014]
(en) Practical Horse Genetics, W20 white markings
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(en) UC Davis, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Dominant White
- W4 Mutation (Camarillo White) http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/horse/CamarilloWhite.php
- W10 Mutation (quarter horse) http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/horse/dominantwhite.php
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