Synonyme (en) |
Osteoarthritis of the small tarsal joints (OA-STJ)
Osteoarthrosis tarsi
Osteoarthrosis tarsi distalis
Periarthritis et osteoarthrosis tarsi
Periarthritis tarsi chronica deformans
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Français | Éparvin |
Synonyme (fr)
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Arthropathies des articulations du tarse
Éparvin osseux
Ostéoarthrite chronique déformante du jarret
Ostéoarthrose du jarret
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Allemand
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Spat
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Gènes
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--
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Chromosomes | -- |
OMIA#
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OMIA 001232-9796: Bone spavin in Equus caballus
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NCBI gene
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--
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Mutations
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--
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Mode de transmission
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L‘éparvin est une affection multifactorielle avec une prédisposition héréditaire. Des héritabilités ont été estimées. Elles se situent dans la bande faible à modérée.
Divers effets génétiques et héritabilités ont été estimées (Stock KF 2004; Stock KF et al 2004):
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Caractères / symptômes
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L’éparvin est une affection chronique dégénérative uni ou bilatérale des articulations distales du jarret (ostéoarthrite). Les affections de l’articulation talo-crurale ne font pas partie du complexe pathologique de l’éparvin. Signes cliniques potentiels: boiterie d’appui de degré faible à important apparaissant progressivement avec l’âge; douleurs lors de la flexion du jarret (test de flexion); troubles de la locomotion (raideur des jarrets, raccourcissement de la phase antérieure de la foulée du membre affecté, le cheval laisse trainer la pince du sabot au sol, usure anormale de la pince du sabot, excroissances osseuses non douloureuse sur la face médiale du jarret (tiers inférieur) Lésions radiologiques: pincement de l'interligne articulaire (réduction de l'espace entre les deux extrémités osseuses), sclérose de l'os sous-chondral, déficits osseux (kystes), formation d’ostéophytes (excroissances osseuses) en marge de l’articulation, etc. (Schubert A 2011). Autres sources: Axelsson M et al 2001; Bach S 2009; Björnsdóttir S et al 2000b, 2003; Denoix JM et al 2013; Haakenstad LH 1969; Jansson N 1996; Van Weeren PR and Brama PAJ 2001, 2003. L’éparvin est une maladie multifactorielle. Les causes possibles sont (Axelsson M et al 2001; Stock KF 2004; Stock KF et al 2004):
Les corrélations entre les lésions pathologiques et les effets cliniques ne sont pas toujours évidents. Les lésions articulaires dégénératives sont des maladies irréversibles. Des options de traitements ont été développées ces dernières années (Degenerative joint disease, DJD). |
Contraintes | Restrictions d’une fonction organique (système locomoteur) qui peuvent affecter l’état général et la qualité de la vie; boiteries, douleurs.
Les critères déterminants pour l’évaluation des contraintes sont en particulier:
Stratégie d’élevage et mesures Sélection directe sur la base des résultats radiologiques des membres et de critères de santé (Bruns E 2001; Grafschmidt A 2011; Jönsson L et al 2013; Stock KF, Distl O 2005, 2007, 2008). Parents Diagnostic (examen clinique; examen radiologique, IRM, scintigraphie, ultrasons, etc.; Dahn M et al 1989; Murray RC et al 2005, 2007; Raes EV et al 2010; Schubert A 2011; Vanderperren K et al 2009a, 2009b); adaptation de la stratégie d’élevage (les animaux parents d’un poulain atteint ne devraient pas être affectés à l’élevage). Descendants atteints Diagnostic (examen clinique; examen radiologique, IRM, scintigraphie, ultrasons, etc.); les individus atteints ne doivent pas être affectés à l’élevage. |
Races
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Toutes les races de chevaux et de poneys
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Prévalence (%) |
Cheval islandais: 30.3% (Bjørnsdóttir S et al 2000a, 2000b) Stock KF et al 2004: 17,7% des chevaux demi-sang présentent des signes radiologiques d’affection articulaire dégénérative dans une articulation au moins (articulation interphalagienne, boulet, jarret) ; les jarrets sont le plus souvent touchés Une prédisposition à l’éparvin a été diagnostiquée chez 4.6-5.8% des jeunes étalons du Schleswig-Holstein (Walker S 2007). Exostoses des articulations tarso-métatarsienne et intertarsiennes: 28,8%, resp. 32,4% (Bach S 2009). |
Fondateur | -- |
Test ADN
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NON
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Remarques
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Autres affections du squelette (alphabétique):
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(de) SCHUBERT A. (2011). Randexostosen im proximalen Bereich des Os metatarsale III des Pferdes - eine röntgenologische und klinische Studie. Dissertation, Freie universität Berlin. 109 pages.
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