Synonym (en) | W4: Camarillo White |
Deutsch | Dominant Weiss |
Synonym (de)
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Weissgeboren
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Französisch
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Blanc dominant
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Gen
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KIT (v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
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Chromosom | ECA3 |
OMIA#
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OMIA 000209-9796
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NCBI gene
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Mutationen
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Polymorphismus. Mindestens 22 unabhängige Mutationen auf unterschiedlichen Exons sind heute bekannt, die weiss geborene Pferde in diversen Rassen hervorbringen. Forschung im Gange.
S. Tabelle Genotypen und Phänotypen
Allele: W/W (letal), W/w (Dominant Weiss), w/w
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Erbgang
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Autosomal dominant
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Merkmale / Symptome
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Das KIT Gen hat eine zentrale Bedeutung in verschiedenen Entwicklungsprozessen eines Embryos. Wichtig für die Entwicklung von Stammzellen des Knochenmarks, Spermien und Pigmentzellen (Melanoblasten => Melanozyten). Die pleiotropischen Effekte sind noch wenig bekannt.
Unterschiedliche Phänotypen. Epistasie über alle drei Grundfarben (Fuchs, Braun, Schwarz). Mehr oder weniger vollständiges Fehlen von Melanozyten, d.h. von Pigmenten im Fell, in den Haaren und in der Haut. Die Augen sind pigmentiert. Bei der Geburt: einige wenige pigmentierte Haare und Fellpartien möglich (Ohren, Rücken).
Die verschiedenen Allele im KIT Gen führen zu unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Weiss-Phänotypen. Die Depigmentierung kann sehr verschiedenartig ausfallen und auch grosse Ähnlichkeit zu Sabino 1 zeigen.
S. Tabelle Genotypen und Phänotypen
Pleiotropie
Homozygote (ausser W20): Frühembryonaltod
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Belastungen |
Die genetischen Beziehungen zwischen pleiotropen Effekten der Mutationen und den verschiedenen Phänotypen sind noch sehr wenig bekannt. Zusätzliche Forschungsarbeit ist erforderlich, um die allfälligen Einschränkungen der Organ- und Sinnesfunktionen zu charakterisieren. Massgebende Kriterien für die Beurteilung der Belastungen sind insbesondere:
Zuchtstrategie und Massnahmen
Diagnose (DNA-Test); gezielte Anpaarungen; Anpassung der Zuchtstrategie (Genträger sollten untereinander nicht verpaart werden; Zucht von mischerbigen Zuchttieren). |
Rassen
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Grundsätzlich alle Rassen: Freiberger (Allel W1, Nachkommen der Stute Cigale), Quarter Horse (Allel W10, Nachkommen des Gründer-Hengstes Santana), Camarillo White Horse, Kaltblüter, Holsteiner, Isländer, Oldenburger, Englisches Vollblut, Araber, usw.
S. Tabelle Genotypen und Phänotypen.
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Trägerfrequenz (%) | Nicht veröffentlicht |
Gründer | S. Tabelle Genotypen und Phänotypen |
Test ADN
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Bemerkungen
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Mutationen des KIT-Gens sind auch für folgende Phänotypen verantwortlich
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KIT-GEN: Genotypen und Phänotypen | |||
---|---|---|---|
Allele | Breed | Origination | Characteristics |
W1 | FM | Cigale, 1957 | Usually pure white; nonsense mutation at exon 15, truncation 15-21 |
W2 | TB | KY Colonel, 1946 | Usually pure white; substitution Glycine-Arginn exon 13 |
W3 | AR | R Khasper, 1996 | Usually pure white; nonsense mutation at exon 4, truncation 4-21 |
W4 | CW | Sultan, 1912 | White, substitution Glycine-Arginin in exon 12 |
W5 | TB | Puchilingui, 1984 | White to sabino-like; deletion in exon 15 and premature stop codon |
W6 | TB | not published | White, substitution Glycine-Arginin exon 5-21 |
W7 | TB | not published | White, splice site of intron 2 |
W8 | IH | not published | Partially white (sabino-like), splice site mutation of intron15 |
W9 | HH | not published | White, missense mutation in exon 12 |
W10 | QH | GQ Santana, 2000 | Exhibit a wide range of phenotypes similar to that of W5, deletion in exon 7and premature stop codon |
W11 | SGDH | not published | Complety white, splice site mutation of intron 20 |
W12 | TB | not published | Partially white, deletion in exon 3 |
W13 | QHxPP | not published | White, splice site mutation of intron 17 |
W14 | TB | not published | White, deletion in exon 17 |
W15 | AR | not published | Partially white (sabino-like), missense mutation in exon |
W16 | OL | not published | White, missense mutation in exon 7 |
W17 | JD | not published | White |
W18 | CH | not published | Pronounced depigmentation phenotype, sabino-like, mutation in intron 8 (c.1346 + 1G>A) |
W19 | PB | not published | Partially white, missense variant in exon 8 (c.1322A>G; p.Tyr441Cys) |
W20 | TB+ other breeds | not published | Partially white, missense variant in exon 14 (c.2045G>A; p.Arg682His). Subtle effect on pigmentation (white pattern); not homozygous lethal. Siehe auch W20 project |
W21 | IH | not published | White-spotted coat colour phenotype and heterochromia iridis exon 17 (c.2369delC) |
W22 | TB | not published | White-spotted coat colour phenotype. Degree of depigmentation in animals with the W22/+ genotype varied between ~15% and 100% (large heterozygous deletion spanning exons 10–13 of the KIT gene) |
AR=Arabian, CH=Swiss Warmblood, CW=Camarillo White Horse, FM=Franches-montagnes, HH=Holstein, IH= Islandic Horse, JD=Japanese Draft Horse, OL=Oldenburger, PB=Partbred Arabian, PP=Paso Peruano, SGDH=South German Draft Horse, TB=Thoroughbred. W1-W4 (Haase B et al, 2007); W5-W11 (Haase B et al, 2009; W12 (Holl et al, 2010); W13-W17 (Haase B et al, 2011); W18-W20 (Hauswirth R et al, 2013); W21 (Haase B et al 2015); W22 (Dürig N et al 2017) Compound heterozygotes (W5/W20) show a more pronounced depigmentation phenotype (white)
All compound heterozygotes W20/W22 showed a completely white coat colour phenotype |
(en) DÜRIG N, JUDE R, HOLL H, BROOKS SA, LAFAYETTE C, JAGANNATHAN V, LEEB T. (2017). Whole genome sequencing reveals a novel deletion variant in the KIT gene in horses with white spotted coat colour phenotypes. Animal genetics, online 26 april 2017
- DOI: 10.1111/age.12556
- Animal genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12556/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12556/epdf>
- [Stand: 01.05.2017]
(en) HAN H, MAO C, CHEN N, LAN X, CHEN H, LEI C, DANG R. (2016). Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Kit gene in Chinese indigenous horses. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(1), 81-89
- DOI: 10.14943/jjvr.64.1.81
- Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/865
- Abstract <http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/61030>
- Pdf <http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/61030/1/08_Han_Full.pdf>
- [Stand: 05.04.2016]
(en) HAASE B, JAGANNATHAN V, RIEDER S, LEEB T. (2015). A novel KIT variant in an Icelandic horse with white-spotted coat colour. Animal Genetics, 46(4): 466
- DOI: 10.1111/age.12313
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12313/abstract>
- Article html <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12313/full>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12313/epdf>
- [Stand: 01.09.2015]
(en) BROOK SA, BELLONE RR. (2013). Coat colors genomics. In Chowdhary BE, Equine Genomics. Wiley-Blackwell, 217-239
- ISBN: 978-0-8138-1563-3
- ISBN: 978-1-118-52212-7 (e-book)
- Beschreibung, Inhalt, Autoren: WILEY http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ > Life Sciences > Genetics > Animal Genetics
- html <http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0813815630.html>
- [Stand: 22.06.2014]
(en) HAUSWIRTH R, JUDE R, HAASE B, BELLONE RR, ARCHER S, HOLL H, BROOKS SA, TOZAKI T, PENEDO MC, RIEDER S, LEEB T. (2013). Novel variants in the KIT and PAX3 genes in horses with white-spotted coat colour phenotypes. Animal Genetics, 44(6): 763-765
- DOI: 10.1111/age.12057
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12057/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12057/pdf>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) BAI DY, YANG LH, UNERHU U, ZHAO YP, ZHAO QN, HASIGAOWA H, DUGARJAVIIN M. (2011). Effects of Kit gene on coat depigmentation in white horses [Article in Chinese]. Hereditas (Beijing) (遗传), 33(11): 1171-1178
- DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.01171
- Hereditas (Beijing) (遗传) http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/Hereditas%28Beijing%29/19687.jhtml
- Abstract <http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/Hereditas(Beijing)/19687.jhtml#>
- Pdf <http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/attachment.jspx?cid=19687&i=0&t=1412867602671&k=cf33f76ea01173b56d1635351965a03e>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, RIEDER S, TOZAKI T, HASEGAWA T, PENEDO MC, JUDE R, LEEB T. (2011). Five novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes. Animal Genetics, 42: 337-339
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x/pdf>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, OBEXER-RUFF G, DOLF G, RIEDER S, BURGER D, PONCET PA, GERBER V, HOWARD J, LEEB T. (2010) : Haematological parameters are normal in dominant white Franches-Montagnes horses carrying a KIT mutation. The Veterinary Journal, 184(3): 315-317
- DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.02.017
- The Veterinary Journal http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10900233
- Abstract <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023309001014>
- Pdf <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023309001014/pdf?md5=b94f2f0e056293a6fb1d0a19a3c91490&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023309001014-main.pdf>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) HOLL H, BROOKS SA, BAILEY E. (2010). De novo mutation of KIT discovered as a result of a non-hereditary white coat colour pattern. Special Issue: Horse Genomics and the Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Foundation, Animal Genetics, 41(s2): 196–198
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02135.x
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02135.x/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02135.x/pdf>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, BROOKS SA, TOZAKI T, BURGER D, PONCET PA, RIEDER S, HASEGAWA T, PENEDO C, LEEB T. (2009). Seven novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes. Animal Genetics, 40(5): 623-629
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x
- Animal Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2052
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x/abstract>
- pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x/pdf>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(fr) HAASE B. (2009). Le secret des chevaux franches-montagnes blancs. LE FRANCHES-MONTAGNES. 8, (90), 20-21
- Pdf <http://www.agroscope.admin.ch/publikationen/einzelpublikation/index.html?pubdownload=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1ae2IZn4Z2rZpnG3s2Rodeln6h1d3t,fnqNn,aknp6V2tTIjKbXoKimjZ2Um5mpiKfo>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) HAASE B, BROOKS SA, SCHLUMBAUM A, AZOR PJ, BAILEY E, ALAEDDINE F, MEVISSEN M, BURGER D, PONCET PA, RIEDER S, LEEB T. (2007). Allelic Heterogeneity at the Equine KIT Locus in Dominant White (W) Horses. PLoS Genetics, 3(11):e195
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030195
- PLoS Genetics http://www.plosgenetics.org/
- Abstract <http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0030195#abstract0>
- Pdf <http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0030195&representation=PDF>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) BROOKS SA. (2006). Studies of genetic variation at the KIT locus and white spotting patterns in the horse. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 102 Seiten
- Abstract <http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/479/>
- Pdf <http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1482&context=gradschool_diss>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) MAU C, PONCET PA, BUCHER B, STRANZINGER G, RIEDER S. (2004). Genetic mapping of dominant white (W), a homozygous lethal condition in the horse (Equus caballus). Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 121(6): 374-383
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x
- Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0388
- Abstract <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x/abstract>
- Pdf <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x/pdf>
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) Anonyme, White Thoroughbreds, other rare Thoroughbred coat colors with comments and data from our users
- html History and Development of White Thoroughbreds
- html List of White Thoroughbreds
- html Pedigrees of Unexpected White Thoroughbreds
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) Camarillo White Horse Association
- html http://www.camarillowhitehorses.org/
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) Color Genetics, White Spotting (Formerly Dominant White)
- html http://colorgenetics.info/equine/gallery/white-patterns/white-spotting-formerly-dominant-white
- [Stand: 12.10.2014]
(en) The Horse Genetics Website, dominant white
- html http://www.horse-genetics.com/dominant-white.html
- [Stand: 12.10.2014]
(fr) Les lignées des Blancs-sabinos
- html http://perloch.ps.free.fr/sire/pscouleurs/ligneeblanc.html
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) Tawny Horse, Dominant White, Blog
- html http://www.tawnyhorse.com/?page_id=170
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(de, en) W20 project - W20 Projekt
- html http://projekt-w20-farbtest.jimdo.com/
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) Animal Genetics US, Equine Testing, Dominant White (W3, W5 and W10)
- html http://www.horsetesting.com/Equine/Coat_Color/DW.asp
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
(en) Animal Genetics UK, Equine Testing, Dominant White (W5 and W10)
- html http://www.animalgenetics.eu/Equine/Coat-Color-Testing/dominant-white.html
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]
en) CAG GmbH - Center for Animal Genetics, Dominant White (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W10)
- html http://pferde-genetik.de/en/horse-genetic-testing/phenotype-testing-for-horses/dominant-white/
- [Stand: 01.10.2015]
(de) LABOKLIN Basel, Camarillo White - W4
(en) Practical Horse Genetics, W20 white markings
- html http://www.practicalhorsegenetics.com.au/index.php?test=w20
- [Stand: 01.10.2015]
(en) UC Davis, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Dominant White
- W4 Mutation (Camarillo White) http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/horse/CamarilloWhite.php
- W10 Mutation (quarter horse) http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/horse/dominantwhite.php
- [Stand: 08.10.2014]